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CAPM, Beta, and Pricing Models

Portfolio-theory terms for CAPM, beta, alpha, market portfolios, and capital-market pricing lines.

CAPM, Beta, and Pricing Models terms describe portfolio theory, CAPM, beta, efficient frontiers, risk premia, volatility, exposure, and systematic versus idiosyncratic risk.

Use this branch when a model or risk concept changes how expected return, risk, diversification, beta, or portfolio efficiency is interpreted.

Key Terms in This Branch

TermUse it for
Alpha vs. BetaExpected-return, risk-premium, beta, volatility, diversification, exposure, or portfolio-theory terms.
Capital Market Line (CML)CAPM, beta, efficient-frontier, risk-return, risk-premium, volatility, exposure, systematic-risk, or portfolio-theory terms.
CAPMCAPM, beta, efficient-frontier, risk-return, risk-premium, volatility, exposure, systematic-risk, or portfolio-theory terms.
Market PortfolioCAPM, beta, efficient-frontier, risk-return, risk-premium, volatility, exposure, systematic-risk, or portfolio-theory terms.
Security Market Line (SML)CAPM, beta, efficient-frontier, risk-return, risk-premium, volatility, exposure, systematic-risk, or portfolio-theory terms.
Unlevered BetaCAPM, beta, efficient-frontier, risk-return, risk-premium, volatility, exposure, systematic-risk, or portfolio-theory terms.
Zero-Beta PortfolioCAPM, beta, efficient-frontier, risk-return, risk-premium, volatility, exposure, systematic-risk, or portfolio-theory terms.

What to Check

Check the model assumptions, benchmark market portfolio, beta estimate, volatility window, covariance inputs, risk premium, risk tolerance, exposure definition, and whether the model is descriptive or prescriptive.

Common Mistakes

  • Using model output without checking assumptions.
  • Treating beta, volatility, and total risk as interchangeable.
  • Assuming efficient-frontier analysis eliminates estimation error.
  • Calling a return excess without defining the benchmark or reference rate.

This page is educational and does not recommend a specific portfolio, security, fund, tax treatment, or account choice.

In this section

Choose a subsection first. Deeper term pages live inside each subsection, which keeps large topic hubs readable.

Alpha vs. Beta

Alpha measures benchmark-relative excess return, while beta measures sensitivity to broad market or systematic risk.

Capital Market Line (CML)

The capital market line shows combinations of the risk-free asset and the market portfolio under CAPM assumptions.

CAPM

CAPM estimates expected return from the risk-free rate, market risk premium, and an asset's beta exposure.

Market Portfolio

The market portfolio is the theoretical portfolio containing all risky assets in market-value weights.

Security Market Line (SML)

The security market line plots expected return against beta to show CAPM's required return for systematic risk.

Unlevered Beta

Unlevered beta estimates an asset's market risk after removing the effect of financial leverage.

Zero-Beta Portfolio

A zero-beta portfolio is constructed to have no systematic market exposure while still carrying other investment risks.

Revised on Sunday, June 21, 2026