Browse Investing

Return Calculation Methods

Return calculation terms for ROI, time-weighted return, money-weighted return, and Dietz methods.

Return Calculation Methods terms measure portfolio return, attribution, benchmark-relative results, tracking error, and risk-adjusted performance.

Use this branch when the question depends on how performance was calculated, attributed, benchmarked, or adjusted for risk.

Key Terms in This Branch

TermUse it for
Modified Dietz MethodReturn calculation, attribution, benchmark, capture ratio, tracking error, alpha, Sharpe, Sortino, Treynor, or risk-adjusted performance terms.
Money-Weighted Rate of ReturnReturn calculation, attribution, benchmark, capture ratio, tracking error, alpha, Sharpe, Sortino, Treynor, or risk-adjusted performance terms.
Rate of ReturnReturn calculation, attribution, benchmark, capture ratio, tracking error, alpha, Sharpe, Sortino, Treynor, or risk-adjusted performance terms.
Return on InvestmentReturn calculation, attribution, benchmark, capture ratio, tracking error, alpha, Sharpe, Sortino, Treynor, or risk-adjusted performance terms.
Time-Weighted Rate of Return (TWR)Return calculation, attribution, benchmark, capture ratio, tracking error, alpha, Sharpe, Sortino, Treynor, or risk-adjusted performance terms.

What to Check

Check the return formula, cash-flow timing, benchmark, fee treatment, reference rate or hurdle rate input, volatility period, attribution model, currency, and whether performance is gross, net, historical, or hypothetical.

Common Mistakes

  • Comparing money-weighted and time-weighted returns as if they were the same.
  • Reading alpha without checking benchmark and risk exposure.
  • Ignoring fees, cash flows, taxes, and survivorship bias.
  • Treating a high ratio as proof a strategy is suitable.

This page is educational and does not recommend a specific portfolio, security, fund, tax treatment, or account choice.

In this section

Choose a subsection first. Deeper term pages live inside each subsection, which keeps large topic hubs readable.

Modified Dietz Method

The Modified Dietz Method offers a reliable means of calculating an investor's rate of return by excluding external factors that can skew performance measurements.

Rate of Return

Rate of return measures an investment's gain or loss relative to the amount invested over a period.

Return on Investment

Return on Investment (ROI) is a key performance indicator used to evaluate the profitability of an investment.

Revised on Sunday, June 21, 2026