Market Cycles and Crashes

Market Cycles and Crashes terms explain how benchmarks, market gauges, weighting rules, index families, data series, and market-cycle labels are used in investment analysis.

Use this branch when benchmark selection, index membership, weighting, float adjustment, publication source, region, sector, or dividend treatment changes the comparison being made.

Key Terms in This Branch

What to Check

Check the index provider, universe, eligibility rule, weighting method, float adjustment, rebalancing schedule, currency, dividend treatment, data date, and whether the index is investable or only a benchmark.

Common Mistakes

• Treating an index as a recommendation or as a directly owned portfolio.
• Comparing index returns without checking currency, dividends, fees, and time period.
• Ignoring methodology changes, reconstitution, concentration, and float adjustments.
• Using a regional or sector index as a broad-market benchmark without checking its universe.

Indexes are benchmarks and data tools, not personalized investment recommendations or performance promises.

In this section

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