Browse Accounting

Accrual, Matching, and Deferred Items

Accounting terms for accrual basis, accrual concepts, deferred expenses, deferred income, deferred revenue, expense recognition, and matching.

Accrual, Matching, and Deferred Items covers accrual basis, accrual concepts, deferred expenses, deferred income, deferred revenue, expense recognition, and matching.

Use these pages when a reporting concept changes how income, assets, liabilities, cash flows, disclosures, or analytical ratios should be read. It sits inside Accrual, Income, and Recognition Principles, so readers can move up when the broader accounting context matters.

Use the table below to choose the narrower accounting branch before applying a term to a statement line, model input, audit trail, tax schedule, covenant test, or management report.

What This Branch Covers

AreaUse it for
Accrual BasisAccounting basis that records revenue when earned and expenses when incurred, even when cash is received or paid in a different period.
Accrual ConceptThe accrual concept records revenues and expenses when earned or incurred rather than when cash is received or paid.
Deferred ExpenseA deferred expense is a cost paid or incurred before full recognition in profit, so it is carried as an asset and expensed over the periods that benefit.
Deferred IncomeDeferred income is cash received before earning revenue, reported as a liability until performance occurs.
Deferred RevenueLiability recorded when a customer pays before the company has delivered the related goods or services.
Expense RecognitionThe principle that expenses should be recognized in the period when they are incurred.
Matching PrincipleAccounting principle that records expenses in the same period as the revenues they help generate.

What to Check

  • Statement line, note disclosure, accounting policy, reporting period, consolidation scope, and comparative presentation.
  • Recognition criteria, accrual, matching, deferral, estimate, and classification used in the reported number.
  • Effect on revenue, profit, assets, liabilities, cash flow, margins, quality of earnings, and valuation inputs.
  • Whether the evidence is audited financial reporting, management reporting, pro forma reporting, or non-GAAP presentation.
  • Consistency across periods, peers, segments, and reporting frameworks.

Common Mistakes

  • Treating net income, operating cash flow, EBITDA, and free cash flow as interchangeable.
  • Ignoring accounting policies and note disclosures.
  • Comparing ratios without matching statement formats and classification choices.
  • Relying on reported profit without checking accruals, estimates, and one-time items.

Financial-reporting content is educational and does not provide accounting, audit, tax, legal, investment, or valuation advice.

In this section

Choose a subsection first. Deeper term pages live inside each subsection, which keeps large topic hubs readable.

Accrual Basis

The accrual basis is an accounting method where revenue and expenses are recorded when they are earned or incurred, regardless of when cash transactions occur.

Accrual Concept

The accrual concept records revenues and expenses when earned or incurred rather than when cash is received or paid.

Deferred Expense

A deferred expense is a cost paid or incurred before full recognition in profit, so it is carried as an asset and expensed over the periods that benefit.

Deferred Income

Deferred income is cash received before earning revenue, reported as a liability until performance occurs.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue is a liability for customer payments received before the promised goods or services are delivered.

Expense Recognition

The principle that expenses should be recognized in the period when they are incurred.

Matching Principle

Accounting principle that records expenses in the same period as the revenues they help generate.

Revised on Sunday, June 21, 2026