Browse Financial Instruments

Credit, Equity, Total-Return, and Volatility Swaps

Credit default swap, index CDS, equity swap, total-return swap, variance swap, volatility swap, and zero-basis-risk swap terms.

Credit, Equity, Total-Return, and Volatility Swaps is the financial-instruments landing page for swap mechanics, ISDA documentation, notional principal, interest-rate swaps, currency swaps, credit derivatives, total-return swaps, variance swaps, volatility swaps, and inflation swaps. It keeps related terms in one branch so readers can move from a broad instrument question to the article that owns the contract evidence.

Use this page when a swap or rate-linked derivative changes cash-flow exchange, counterparty exposure, hedging, or valuation. Use the parent Swaps, Rates, and Credit Derivatives page when you need the broader instrument map. For an individual decision, confirm the contract, term sheet, prospectus, confirmation, exchange specification, or disclosure record before relying on the term.

Use the table below to move from this landing page into the term page that best matches the instrument evidence.

Key Terms in This Branch

TermUse it for
Credit Default Swap (CDS)Credit Default Swap (CDS) identifies credit-risk transfer, credit-event, tranche, or synthetic exposure terms that require careful contract support.
Equity SwapEquity Swap helps define exchanged cash flows, notional exposure, counterparty terms, or swap valuation inputs.
Index CDSIndex CDS identifies credit-risk transfer, credit-event, tranche, or synthetic exposure terms that require careful contract support.
Total Return Swap (TRS)Total Return Swap (TRS) helps define exchanged cash flows, notional exposure, counterparty terms, or swap valuation inputs.
Variance SwapVariance Swap helps define exchanged cash flows, notional exposure, counterparty terms, or swap valuation inputs.
Volatility SwapVolatility Swap helps define exchanged cash flows, notional exposure, counterparty terms, or swap valuation inputs.
Zero-Basis Risk Swap (ZEBRA)Zero-Basis Risk Swap (ZEBRA) helps define exchanged cash flows, notional exposure, counterparty terms, or swap valuation inputs.

Example in Use

An interest-rate swap can convert fixed-rate debt exposure into floating-rate exposure without refinancing the underlying loan.

What to Check

  • Counterparties, notional amount, fixed leg, floating leg, reference rate, payment dates, and maturity.
  • Collateral terms, ISDA documentation, clearing status, margin, termination events, and reporting records.
  • Credit, currency, equity, rate, inflation, variance, or total-return exposure being transferred.
  • Effect on hedge effectiveness, funding cost, duration, basis risk, counterparty credit risk, and mark-to-market value.

Common Mistakes

  • Confusing notional principal with the amount actually exchanged.
  • Ignoring collateral, clearing, termination rights, and counterparty risk.
  • Comparing swaps without matching reference rates, reset dates, payment frequency, and day-count conventions.

Credit & Vol Swaps content is educational and does not provide personalized investment, tax, legal, accounting, valuation, derivatives, or securities advice.

In this section

Choose a subsection first. Deeper term pages live inside each subsection, which keeps large topic hubs readable.

Credit Default Swap (CDS)

A credit default swap transfers default risk through premium payments and protection payments tied to defined credit events.

Equity Swap

An equity swap exchanges equity-index, stock, or portfolio returns for another cash-flow leg without transferring direct ownership.

Index CDS

An index CDS references a basket of credit names, letting traders hedge or take exposure to broad credit spreads.

Total Return Swap (TRS)

A total return swap transfers an asset's price return and income to one party while another receives a financing or reference-rate leg.

Variance Swap

A variance swap pays based on realized variance versus a fixed variance strike, isolating squared-volatility exposure.

Volatility Swap

A volatility swap pays based on realized volatility versus a fixed volatility strike, giving direct exposure to volatility levels.

Zero-Basis Risk Swap (ZEBRA)

A zero-basis risk swap is designed to minimize mismatch between related exposures that should otherwise offset each other.

Revised on Sunday, June 21, 2026