Browse Valuation and Analysis

Asset Value and Balance Sheet Measures

Asset-value, carrying-value, liquidation-value, and balance-sheet measure terms used in valuation.

Asset Value and Balance Sheet Measures covers asset-value, carrying-value, liquidation-value, and balance-sheet measure terms used in valuation.

Use these pages when balance-sheet measures change asset value, downside protection, recoverability, or valuation comparability. It sits inside Earnings and Multiples, so readers can move up when the broader valuation context matters.

Use the table below to choose the narrower valuation branch before relying on a model input, market multiple, forecast, risk premium, price signal, or recommendation.

What This Branch Covers

AreaUse it for
Book and Tangible Book ValueBook value, book value per share, book versus market value, tangible book value, TBVPS, and NCAVPS terms.
Liquidation, Residual, Recoverable, and Depreciated ValuesLiquidation value, residual value, recoverable amount, salvage value, depreciated value, wasting asset, and write-up adjustment terms.
Liquidity Restrictions and Asset QualityAsset deficiency, illiquid asset, non-operating asset, restricted asset, toxic asset, and unencumbered asset terms.
Net Assets, Balance Sheet Classifications, and Liability MeasuresAsset classification, identifiable assets and liabilities, monetary assets and liabilities, net assets, net cash, NIBCL, and unit-of-account terms.
Real, Tangible, Intangible, Par, and Nominal ValueHard asset, intangible, nonfinancial asset, real asset, par value, nominal value, and value terms.

What to Check

  • Forecast source, valuation date, market data, accounting adjustments, and model version.
  • Cash-flow input, discount rate, multiple, growth assumption, terminal value, balance-sheet adjustment, and scenario range.
  • Comparable set, transaction set, sector, geography, size, leverage, margin profile, and accounting basis.
  • Effect on intrinsic value, relative value, price target, margin of safety, impairment view, deal price, or recommendation.
  • Sensitivity to growth, margins, reinvestment, discount rate, exit multiple, leverage, and market conditions.

Common Mistakes

  • Treating a valuation output as a precise fact instead of a range of estimates.
  • Comparing multiples without normalizing earnings, leverage, accounting policy, growth, and risk.
  • Ignoring valuation date, source quality, cyclicality, nonrecurring items, and sensitivity analysis.
  • Using valuation terminology as personalized investment, tax, legal, or appraisal advice.

Valuation content is educational and does not provide investment, tax, legal, accounting, appraisal, or valuation advice.

In this section

Choose a subsection first. Deeper term pages live inside each subsection, which keeps large topic hubs readable.

Book Value

Book value, book value per share, book versus market value, tangible book value, TBVPS, and NCAVPS terms.

Residual Values

Liquidation value, residual value, recoverable amount, salvage value, depreciated value, wasting asset, and write-up adjustment terms.

Asset Quality

Asset deficiency, illiquid asset, non-operating asset, restricted asset, toxic asset, and unencumbered asset terms.

Net Assets

Asset classification, identifiable assets and liabilities, monetary assets and liabilities, net assets, net cash, NIBCL, and unit-of-account terms.

Value Types

Hard asset, intangible, nonfinancial asset, real asset, par value, nominal value, and value terms.

Revised on Sunday, June 21, 2026
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