Asset Value and Balance Sheet Measures

Compare asset, carrying, liquidation, recoverable, real-asset, and balance-sheet value measures used in financial analysis.

Asset Value and Balance Sheet Measures separates economic value estimates from accounting carrying amounts, liquidation and recoverable measures, asset classifications, and market evidence.

Use these pages when balance-sheet measures change asset value, downside protection, recoverability, or valuation comparability. It sits inside Earnings and Multiples, so readers can move up when the broader valuation context matters.

Use the table below to choose the narrower valuation branch before relying on a model input, market multiple, forecast, risk premium, price signal, or recommendation.

What This Branch Covers

AreaUse it for
Book and Tangible Book ValueBook value, book value per share, book versus market value, tangible book value, TBVPS, and NCAVPS terms.
Liquidation, Residual, Recoverable, and Depreciated ValuesLiquidation value, residual value, recoverable amount, salvage value, depreciated value, wasting asset, and write-up adjustment terms.
Liquidity Restrictions and Asset QualityAsset deficiency, illiquid asset, non-operating asset, restricted asset, toxic asset, and unencumbered asset terms.
Net Assets, Balance Sheet Classifications, and Liability MeasuresAsset classification, identifiable assets and liabilities, monetary assets and liabilities, net assets, net cash, NIBCL, and unit-of-account terms.
Real Assets and Value ConceptsReal, financial, intangible, and real-asset-linked exposures, plus value basis, price, cost, methods, and assumptions.

What to Check

  • Forecast source, valuation date, market data, accounting adjustments, and model version.
  • Cash-flow input, discount rate, multiple, growth assumption, terminal value, balance-sheet adjustment, and scenario range.
  • Comparable set, transaction set, sector, geography, size, leverage, margin profile, and accounting basis.
  • Effect on intrinsic value, relative value, price target, margin of safety, impairment view, deal price, or recommendation.
  • Sensitivity to growth, margins, reinvestment, discount rate, exit multiple, leverage, and market conditions.

Common Mistakes

  • Treating a valuation output as a precise fact instead of a range of estimates.
  • Comparing multiples without normalizing earnings, leverage, accounting policy, growth, and risk.
  • Ignoring valuation date, source quality, cyclicality, nonrecurring items, and sensitivity analysis.
  • Using valuation terminology as personalized investment, tax, legal, or appraisal advice.

Valuation content is educational and does not provide investment, tax, legal, accounting, appraisal, or valuation advice.

In this section

Choose a subsection first. Deeper term pages live inside each subsection, which keeps large topic hubs readable.

Book Value

Book value, book value per share, book versus market value, tangible book value, TBVPS, and NCAVPS terms.

Residual Values

Liquidation value, residual value, recoverable amount, salvage value, depreciated value, wasting asset, and write-up adjustment terms.

Asset Quality

Asset deficiency, illiquid asset, non-operating asset, restricted asset, toxic asset, and unencumbered asset terms.

Net Assets

Asset classification, identifiable assets and liabilities, monetary assets and liabilities, net assets, net cash, NIBCL, and unit-of-account terms.

Real Assets & Value

Distinguish real, financial, and intangible assets, then identify the value basis, valuation date, and assumptions used.

Earnings Metrics
Browse Valuation and Analysis