Browse Trading

Arbitrage and Relative-Value Strategies

Arbitrage and relative-value strategies compare related prices, contracts, spreads, and events to test whether a tradable mispricing exists after costs and risk.

Arbitrage and relative-value strategies look for price differences between related instruments, markets, events, or contracts. A real opportunity must survive financing costs, transaction costs, bid-ask spreads, margin, liquidity, taxes, settlement timing, operational risk, and model error.

Use this section as the map for the site’s arbitrage coverage. Core arbitrage terms explain the basic concept and the role of the arbitrageur. Cash-carry, triangular, and bond arbitrage covers spot-futures, FX cross-rate, and municipal tax-compliance cases. Deal, convertible, and risk arbitrage covers event-driven and capital-structure trades. Market-neutral and statistical arbitrage covers model-driven spread, volatility, and latency-sensitive strategies.

Main Arbitrage Families

FamilyMain questionTypical evidence
Core arbitrageIs a price difference executable after costs?Quotes, costs, order book, settlement path, position records
Cash-and-carryIs a futures or forward price rich or cheap versus spot plus carry?Spot price, futures price, financing, storage, income, margin, delivery terms
Triangular arbitrageDo three FX quotes imply an inconsistent cross-rate?Executable bid/ask quotes, size, latency, counterparty limits, settlement timing
Deal and risk arbitrageIs the market mispricing event probability, timing, or break risk?Transaction documents, SEC filings, approvals, financing, hedge ratios
Convertible arbitrageIs a convertible security mispriced versus stock, credit, rates, and volatility?Indenture, conversion terms, bond price, stock borrow, delta, credit spread
Statistical arbitrageDoes a model identify a repeatable relative-value signal?Data history, model code, backtest, live fills, borrow, slippage, risk limits

What Makes The Term Useful

An arbitrage label is useful only when it changes the analysis. A reader should be able to identify:

  • the exact instruments or contracts on both sides of the relationship
  • the executable prices, not just chart or midpoint prices
  • the costs and constraints that can erase the spread
  • the time horizon and settlement mechanics
  • the hedge, margin, and funding requirement
  • the downside scenario if the relationship breaks

Common Misreadings

Do not treat arbitrage as a synonym for a certain return. Many real-world arbitrage trades involve basis risk, model risk, leverage, borrow recalls, failed hedges, execution slippage, tax uncertainty, or a deal that does not close.

Do not assume every page in this section is a trading strategy. Arbitrage Bond is mainly a U.S. municipal tax-compliance term, not a normal trading strategy.

Public Source Checks

For futures and carry mechanics, see CFTC education pages on futures market basics and the economic purpose of futures markets. For public-company event trades, use SEC EDGAR and relevant transaction filings. For algorithmic and high-speed market structure, SEC and FINRA materials on algorithmic trading and market structure provide useful regulatory context.

In this section

Choose a subsection first. Deeper term pages live inside each subsection, which keeps large topic hubs readable.

Carry Arbitrage

Cash-and-carry, triangular, and municipal bond arbitrage terms used in futures, FX, and tax-exempt bond analysis.

Core Arbitrage

Core arbitrage terms covering arbitrage, arbitrageurs, negative arbitrage, and arbitrage pricing theory.

Deal Arbitrage

Event-driven and capital-structure arbitrage terms used to analyze merger spreads, convertible hedges, and deal-completion risk.

Stat Arb

Systematic relative-value strategies that use models, hedges, volatility, and execution speed to trade short-lived pricing relationships.

Revised on Sunday, June 21, 2026