Relative Strength Index (RSI)

Momentum oscillator from 0 to 100 that compares an asset's average recent gains with its average recent losses.

The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a momentum oscillator from 0 to 100 that compares an asset’s average recent gains with its average recent losses. Traders use RSI to evaluate the strength and speed of recent price movement, not to compare a security with a benchmark.

RSI thresholds are observations, not automatic buy or sell instructions. A strong trend can keep RSI elevated or depressed for an extended period.

Key Takeaways

  • RSI is calculated from one asset’s recent gains and losses over a selected lookback period.
  • 14 periods is a common default, but the timeframe and smoothing method affect the result.
  • Readings above 70 and below 30 are common reference zones, not guaranteed reversal levels.
  • RSI can diverge from price, but divergence can persist or fail.
  • RSI should be evaluated with trend, volatility, liquidity, and a defined risk rule.

RSI Formula

First calculate relative strength (RS) from average gains and average losses:

$$ RS = \frac{Average\ Gain}{Average\ Loss} $$

Then convert the ratio to the RSI scale:

$$ RSI = 100 - \frac{100}{1 + RS} $$

Losses are normally entered as positive magnitudes in the denominator. Wilder-style calculations use an initial average and then smooth subsequent values; platforms can differ in initialization, rounding, missing data, and the price field used.

Example Calculation

Assume the selected lookback produces an average gain of 1.20 and an average loss of 0.40:

$$ RS = \frac{1.20}{0.40} = 3 $$
$$ RSI = 100 - \frac{100}{1 + 3} = 75 $$

An RSI of 75 indicates that average gains dominated average losses in the selected window. It does not establish that the asset is overvalued, suitable to short, or certain to decline.

How RSI Is Interpreted

Reading or patternCommon interpretationMain caution
RSI above 70Strong recent gains or “overbought” conditionStrong uptrends can remain above 70
RSI below 30Strong recent losses or “oversold” conditionStrong downtrends can remain below 30
RSI near 50Gains and losses are more balancedDoes not mean risk or volatility is low
Bullish divergencePrice makes a lower low while RSI makes a higher lowPrice may continue falling
Bearish divergencePrice makes a higher high while RSI makes a lower highPrice may continue rising

The terms overbought and oversold describe recent momentum conditions. They do not measure intrinsic value or prove that buyers or sellers are exhausted.

RSI vs. Relative Strength

FeatureRSIRelative Strength
InputsOne asset’s gains and lossesAsset and benchmark prices or returns
OutputNumber from 0 to 100Ratio, normalized line, or relative return
Main questionHow strong is recent momentum?Is the asset outperforming the comparison?
Common errorTreating a threshold as a reversal guaranteeTreating outperformance as a positive absolute return

Risks and Limitations

  • Persistent extremes: RSI can remain high or low while price keeps trending.
  • Parameter sensitivity: shorter lookbacks react faster but can produce more noise.
  • Smoothing differences: platforms may display slightly different values.
  • Divergence failure: indicator disagreement can persist without a price reversal.
  • Gap risk: RSI is derived from recorded prices and cannot guarantee an exit near a chosen level.
  • Context risk: an oscillator cannot replace analysis of news, valuation, liquidity, or the instrument’s specific risks.

This page is educational only. RSI is not a recommendation or personalized investment, trading, legal, tax, or regulatory advice.

Sources and Further Reading

FAQs

Does RSI above 70 mean sell?

No. It indicates strong recent gains under the selected settings. Price can continue rising, and any action still requires a defined strategy and risk assessment.

Why does RSI differ between charting platforms?

Platforms may use different initialization, smoothing, rounding, price fields, session data, or missing-value treatment.
  • Momentum: Rate and persistence of price change over a lookback period.
  • Relative Strength: Benchmark-relative performance, not the RSI oscillator.
  • Divergence: Disagreement between price direction and an indicator.
  • Overbought: Description of an extended recent price move, not a valuation conclusion.
  • Pullback: Temporary countertrend move often analyzed with momentum oscillators.
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