Fixed-Rate, Discount, and Buydown Mortgages

Fixed-rate mortgage terms, loan-term comparisons, offset structures, discount points, and temporary payment buydowns.

Fixed-rate, discount, and buydown structures change mortgage payment timing, upfront cost, interest exposure, or access to cash. The labels can sound similar even when their legal and economic effects differ.

Use Fixed-Rate, Offset, and Discount Mortgages to compare fixed-rate terms, 15-year and 30-year amortization, permanent points, and deposit offsets. Use Mortgage Buydowns for temporary subsidy mechanics and 2-1 or 3-2-1 schedules.

What to Compare

StructurePrimary effectMain document check
Fixed-rate mortgageKeeps the note rate unchangedTerm, amortization, payment, and prepayment provisions
Permanent buydownExchanges upfront points for a lower note rateRate-and-cost options and break-even period
Temporary buydownSubsidizes an opening payment periodNote rate, written agreement, funding, and later payments
Offset mortgageCalculates interest on mortgage less eligible depositsLinked-account rules, fees, access, and net-balance method

Compare the note rate, APR, points, lender credits, cash to close, projected payments, mortgage insurance, and expected holding period. A low opening payment does not by itself establish low total cost or long-term affordability.

Common Mistakes

  • Treating a temporary buydown as a changing note rate.
  • Assuming one discount point buys a fixed rate reduction.
  • Comparing rates from different dates, lock periods, or borrower scenarios.
  • Ignoring the full payment after a temporary subsidy ends.
  • Assuming offset deposits legally reduce mortgage principal.

Mortgage content is educational and does not provide rate forecasts or individualized borrowing, refinancing, legal, tax, or investment advice.

In this section

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Mortgage Buydowns

Temporary mortgage payment subsidies, permanent rate buydowns, and the mechanics of 2-1 and 3-2-1 schedules.

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