Browse Economics

Core Inflation Types

Inflation-type terms used to distinguish demand, cost, creeping, galloping, and hyperinflation pressures.

Core Inflation Types covers inflation, disinflation, deflation, price indexes, purchasing power, indexation, real-versus-nominal measures, and inflation expectations used in finance.

Use these pages when price changes affect interest rates, real returns, margins, wages, pensions, contracts, purchasing power, valuation inputs, or monetary-policy expectations. It sits inside Inflation Types, Causes, and Dynamics, so readers can move up when the broader economics context matters.

Use the table below to choose the narrower economics branch before applying a term to a model, credit view, market interpretation, policy conclusion, or risk review. Move into the term page when the evidence source, calculation, institution, market convention, or risk exposure matters.

What This Branch Covers

AreaUse it for
Cost-Push InflationCost-push inflation occurs when rising input, wage, or supply costs push producers to raise prices.
Creeping InflationCreeping inflation is a slow, persistent rise in prices that erodes purchasing power gradually over time.
Demand-Pull InflationDemand-pull inflation occurs when aggregate demand grows faster than available output, pushing prices higher.
Double-Digit InflationDouble-digit inflation is an annual inflation rate of 10% or more, often signaling severe purchasing-power erosion.
Galloping InflationGalloping inflation is very rapid inflation that disrupts saving, pricing, contracts, and confidence in money.
HyperinflationHyperinflation is a severe economic condition where inflation rates are extraordinarily high, rendering money virtually worthless and destabilizing the economy.
InflationBroad rise in prices that erodes purchasing power and affects rates, wages, savings, and valuation.

What to Check

  • Price index, basket, base year, or deflator.
  • Headline, core, expected, realized, real, or nominal measure.
  • Seasonal adjustment and release date.
  • Contract, cash flow, wage, rate, or valuation input being adjusted.
  • Jurisdiction and statistical agency.

Common Mistakes

  • Using inflation and price level interchangeably.
  • Mixing nominal and real rates or cash flows.
  • Comparing indexes with different baskets or base years.
  • Treating a one-month price move as a long-term inflation conclusion without context.

Inflation terms are educational and do not provide tax, investment, retirement, or cost-of-living advice.

In this section

Choose a subsection first. Deeper term pages live inside each subsection, which keeps large topic hubs readable.

Cost-Push Inflation

Cost-push inflation occurs when rising input, wage, or supply costs push producers to raise prices.

Creeping Inflation

Creeping inflation is a slow, persistent rise in prices that erodes purchasing power gradually over time.

Demand-Pull Inflation

Demand-pull inflation occurs when aggregate demand grows faster than available output, pushing prices higher.

Double-Digit Inflation

Double-digit inflation is an annual inflation rate of 10% or more, often signaling severe purchasing-power erosion.

Galloping Inflation

Galloping inflation is very rapid inflation that disrupts saving, pricing, contracts, and confidence in money.

Hyperinflation

Hyperinflation is a severe economic condition where inflation rates are extraordinarily high, rendering money virtually worthless and destabilizing the economy.

Inflation

Broad rise in prices that erodes purchasing power and affects rates, wages, savings, and valuation.

Revised on Sunday, June 21, 2026