Exact, Ordinary, and Gross Interest Calculations

Interest terms that distinguish day-count denominators, general calculation methods, and amounts measured before deductions.

Exact, ordinary, and gross interest are not three competing versions of the same measure. Exact Interest and Ordinary Interest are traditional simple-interest labels associated with 365-day and 360-day year assumptions. Gross Interest instead describes an amount before specified deductions.

Interest Calculation provides the broader framework for combining balance, rate, time, compounding, and cash-flow timing. Modern contracts may use more precise day-count conventions than the traditional exact-versus-ordinary labels, so the governing document remains decisive.

Worked Orientation Example

Suppose USD 10,000 earns 6% simple annual interest for 90 days. Using a 365-day denominator, the calculation is USD 10,000 x 0.06 x (90 / 365) = USD 147.95.

Using a 360-day denominator, the calculation is USD 10,000 x 0.06 x (90 / 360) = USD 150.00.

The USD 2.05 difference comes from the denominator, not from a different quoted annual rate. Whether either method is appropriate depends on the contract. If USD 150 is the gross interest, taxes, withholding, fees, or other deductions may make the net amount different.

What to Record

  • exact accrual dates and treatment of the start and end dates;
  • stated day-count convention and balance method;
  • compounding, payment, and crediting rules;
  • deductions separating gross from net interest; and
  • source document and required rounding method.

Do not substitute a familiar classroom convention for the method stated in a financial agreement or disclosure.

In this section

Choose a subsection first. Deeper term pages live inside each subsection, which keeps large topic hubs readable.

Exact Interest

Traditional simple-interest method using actual elapsed days and a 365-day or stated actual-year basis.

Gross Interest

Interest amount measured before specified deductions such as withholding tax, account charges, or related costs.

Interest Calculation

Process of determining interest from the applicable balance, rate, time, day count, compounding, cash flows, and contract terms.

Ordinary Interest

Traditional simple-interest method that uses a 360-day year, with the day numerator determined separately.

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